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  "isopen": true,
            
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  "language": "eng",
            
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  "legal-governance-planning-function": [
            
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    "legislation-national",
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    "legislation-national",
            
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    "legislation-regional",
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    "legislation-regional",
            
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    "administrative-national",
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    "administrative-national",
            
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    "administrative-regional"
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    "administrative-regional"
            
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  "legal-governance-planning-theme": [
            
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    "legal-status-maritime-zones"
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    "legal-status-maritime-zones"
            
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  "metadata_modified": "2024-08-06T08:48:43.044438",
            
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  "name": "legislation-and-competent-authority-france",
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  "name": "legislation-and-competent-authority-france",
            
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  "notes": "The maritime areas under the sovereignty or jurisdiction 
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  "notes": "The maritime areas under the sovereignty or jurisdiction 
            
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of coastal states are governed by international law, particularly the 
50
of coastal states are governed by international law, particularly the 
            
51
law of the sea, which encompasses all the rules related to the 
51
law of the sea, which encompasses all the rules related to the 
            
52
definition and use of maritime areas. This law of the sea is based on 
52
definition and use of maritime areas. This law of the sea is based on 
            
53
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), signed 
53
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), signed 
            
54
on December 10, 1982, in Montego Bay (Jamaica) and ratified by France 
54
on December 10, 1982, in Montego Bay (Jamaica) and ratified by France 
            
55
on April 11, 1996. This convention defines the various maritime areas 
55
on April 11, 1996. This convention defines the various maritime areas 
            
56
that can be claimed by coastal states as well as the rights and 
56
that can be claimed by coastal states as well as the rights and 
            
57
obligations of states over all maritime areas.\r\n\r\nFrance's 
57
obligations of states over all maritime areas.\r\n\r\nFrance's 
            
58
maritime areas, covering a total surface of approximately 10.7 million 
58
maritime areas, covering a total surface of approximately 10.7 million 
            
59
km\u00b2, represent the second-largest maritime area in the world, 
59
km\u00b2, represent the second-largest maritime area in the world, 
            
60
behind that of the United States. Overseas territories account for 97% 
60
behind that of the United States. Overseas territories account for 97% 
            
61
of these areas. Thus, France is a coastal state bordering almost all 
61
of these areas. Thus, France is a coastal state bordering almost all 
            
62
the oceans.\r\n\r\nThe Washington Treaty of December 1, 1959, which 
62
the oceans.\r\n\r\nThe Washington Treaty of December 1, 1959, which 
            
63
froze all claims on the Antarctic continent, prevents possession 
63
froze all claims on the Antarctic continent, prevents possession 
            
64
states, like France, from exercising sovereignty or jurisdiction over 
64
states, like France, from exercising sovereignty or jurisdiction over 
            
65
the waters beyond the Antarctic territory they claim. Requests for 
65
the waters beyond the Antarctic territory they claim. Requests for 
            
66
continental shelf extensions are also suspended. Consequently, the 
66
continental shelf extensions are also suspended. Consequently, the 
            
67
maritime areas related to Ad\u00e9lie Land are not included in the 
67
maritime areas related to Ad\u00e9lie Land are not included in the 
            
68
maritime areas currently in effect for France.\r\n\r\nUNCLOS specifies 
68
maritime areas currently in effect for France.\r\n\r\nUNCLOS specifies 
            
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the different categories of areas over which states can exercise their 
69
the different categories of areas over which states can exercise their 
            
70
sovereignty or jurisdiction.\r\n\r\nSovereignty areas:\r\n\r\n-- 
70
sovereignty or jurisdiction.\r\n\r\nSovereignty areas:\r\n\r\n-- 
            
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Internal waters\r\n\r\n-- Territorial sea\r\n\r\nJurisdiction 
71
Internal waters\r\n\r\n-- Territorial sea\r\n\r\nJurisdiction 
            
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areas:\r\n\r\n-- Contiguous zone\r\n\r\n-- Exclusive Economic Zone 
72
areas:\r\n\r\n-- Contiguous zone\r\n\r\n-- Exclusive Economic Zone 
            
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(EEZ)\r\n\r\n-- Continental shelf",
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(EEZ)\r\n\r\n-- Continental shelf",
            
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  "original-abstract": "",
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  "original-abstract": "",
            
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  "original-title": "Limite maritimes fran\u00e7aise - contexte",
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  "original-title": "Limite maritimes fran\u00e7aise - contexte",
            
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jurisdiction of coastal states are governed by international law, 
            
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particularly the law of the sea, which encompasses all the rules 
            
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related to the definition and use of maritime areas. This law of the 
            
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sea is based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 
            
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(UNCLOS), signed on December 10, 1982, in Montego Bay (Jamaica) and 
            
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ratified by France on April 11, 1996. This convention defines the 
            
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various maritime areas that can be claimed by coastal states as well 
            
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as the rights and obligations of states over all maritime 
            
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areas.\r\n\r\nFrance's maritime areas, covering a total surface of 
            
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approximately 10.7 million km\u00b2, represent the second-largest 
            
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maritime area in the world, behind that of the United States. Overseas 
            
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territories account for 97% of these areas. Thus, France is a coastal 
            
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state bordering almost all the oceans.\r\n\r\nThe Washington Treaty of 
            
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December 1, 1959, which froze all claims on the Antarctic continent, 
            
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prevents possession states, like France, from exercising sovereignty 
            
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or jurisdiction over the waters beyond the Antarctic territory they 
            
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claim. Requests for continental shelf extensions are also suspended. 
            
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Consequently, the maritime areas related to Ad\u00e9lie Land are not 
            
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included in the maritime areas currently in effect for 
            
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France.\r\n\r\nUNCLOS specifies the different categories of areas over 
            
128
which states can exercise their sovereignty or 
            
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jurisdiction.\r\n\r\nSovereignty areas:\r\n-- Internal 
            
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waters\r\n\r\n-- Territorial sea\r\n\r\nJurisdiction areas:\r\n\r\n-- 
            
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Contiguous zone\r\n\r\n-- Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)\r\n\r\n-- 
            
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Continental shelf",
            
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